Recrystalization PT 1 Essay

Recrystalization PT 1 Essay Recrystalization PT 1 Essay Introduction The purpose of this lab is to purify four solid compounds: resorcinol, anthracene, benzoic acid, and 4-amino 1-napthalenslfonic acid, sodium salt. This is achieved by using water, toluene, and ligroin as solvents. The solubility of the compounds in said solvents must be tested at low and high temperatures. Then, the solution can be recrystallized. Finally, the product is filtered, using either a Pasteur pipette or suction filtration. Experiment In the lab, the sand bath was turned on to 40%. A rough estimate of 10 mg of each solid sample is placed in a test tube. This solid was transferred to a test tube sing a disposable pipet. A boiling stick was placed in a reaction tube. Then, 0.25 mL of the solvent was dropped in the tube and flicked. For the compounds that had a solid dissolve at room temperature, nothing else has to be done. When some dissolved, then an extra 0.25 mL is added and reheated. If it is insoluble, then it was attempted to be heated, but will not dissolve. The dissolved compounds must be cooled to see the crystallization. All four compounds were tested in three solvents (water, hexanes, and toluene). Phthalic Acid was weighed to be 54 mg. 0.33 mL of water was supposed to be used, but 0.5 mL was necessary for the solid to dissolve. A boiling stick was placed in the test tube and the solution was brought to a boil. The water was added drop wise until the last solid piece dissolved. The test tube cooled undi sturbed. Once it reached room temperature, it was further cooled in an ice bath. When the crystallization was completed, the crystals were stirred with a pipette. Air was expelled from the bottom and solution was drawn up. The test tube was tapped on a soft surface and repeated if any solvent remained. The curved end of the spatula was used to scoop up the remaining solid. The crystals were left overnight before weighing. The recrystallization of benzoin began with weighing 53 mg of the compound. Ten drops of ethanol was added, then boiled for half a minute. Later, more drops were added until all of the solid was dissolved. The approximate amount of solution in the tube was 0.70 mL. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, then placed in an ice bath to cool further. The filter flask was clamped to the ring stand using a 3-pronged holder. The plastic Hirsch funnel was placed into the flask. The filter paper was weighed and placed inside the funnel. The vacuum tbing was c onnected to the side-arm of the flask. A few drops of fresh solvent was added to the funnel. The crystal was rinsed with fresh, chilled solvent. The seal was broken and ten drops of ethanol-water mixture was added, followed by an immediate continuation of the vacuum filtration. The crystals were let to dry overnight before weighing. The contents of the tubes was disposed of in waste containers. Any glassware needed for immediate use had acetone added to clean quickly. Results Phthalic Acid 0.485 g 0.485g/0.54g * 100 = 89.8% recovery of Phthalic Acid Benzoin 0.250 g 0.250g/0.53g * 100 = 47.2 % recovery of Benzoin Anthracene Cold (Room Temp.) Hot (Boiling) Water Insoluble Insoluble Toluene Insoluble Soluble Hexanes Insoluble Slightly Soluble Benzoic Acid Cold (Room Temp.) Hot (Boiling) Water Insoluble Slightly soluble(but pasty texture) Toluene Insoluble Soluble Hexanes Slightly Soluble Soluble Resorcinol Cold (Room Temp.) Hot (Boiling) Water Soluble Toluene Insoluble Soluble Hexanes Insoluble Slightly Soluble 4-amino 1-napthalenslfonic acid, sodium salt Cold (Room Temp.) Hot (Boiling) Water Slightly Soluble Soluble (didn’t dissolve back) Toluene Insoluble Insoluble Hexanes Insoluble Slightly Soluble (ppt. out quick) Discussion The Anthracene

Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program (Summer 2019)

Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program (Summer 2019) Updated for Barnes Noble Summer Reading Program 2019 The Barnes and Noble summer reading program for kids gives kids a free book when they read 8 books over the summer. Looking for more summer reading programs that will score your kids some freebies? Check out my list of the best summer reading program freebies  that includes rewards from Half Price Books, TD Bank, and more. How to Get Free Books From the Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program Visit the Barnes and Noble summer reading program to select the age range that your child fits into. You can choose between Ages 0-7, Ages 8-12, Teens and Young Adults, and Adults. After youve chosen an age range, youll find a link to where you can download and print a reading journal. The journals are available in English and Spanish. Fill out the student information on the bottom of the first page of the journal. A parent must sign on this page in order for the child to get a free book. In the reading log, your child will need to record the title and author, along with their favorite part of eight books to get their free book. Bring the completed and signed reading journal into your local Barnes and Noble bookstore between August 1, 2019, and August 31, 2019. Present it to an employee and they will let your child choose a book from the free book list. The Free Books Available From the Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program Theres a wide variety of free books available for kids from the Barnes and Noble summer reading program. Heres whats available in 2018: Children in grades 1 and 2 are eligible to receive one of the following books: Malala: My Story of Standing Up for Girls RightsThe Mount Rushmore Calamity (Flat Stanleys Worldwide Adventure Series #1)Amelia Bedelia Means Business (Amelia Bedelia Chapter Book Series #1)Pete the Cat and the Cool CaterpillarDisney Junior Fancy Nancy: Chez NancyThe Princess in BlackJorge el curioso: De basura a tesoro (Bilingual)Purmaids #1: The Scaredy CatSunbeams Shine (Unicorn Princess #1) Kids that are in grades 3 and 4 can pick out one of these books: Middle School: The Worst Years of My LifeCatStronauts: Mission MoonMistakes Were Made (Timmy Failure Series #1)My FANGtastically Evil Vampire PetThe Super Life of Ben BraverDrew Pendous and the Camp Color War (Drew Pendous #1)Drew Pendous Travels to Ancient Egypt (Drew Pendous #2)Classic Starts: The Swiss Family RobinsonJudy Moody (Judy Moody Series #1)Judy  Moody esta  de muy mal humor (Judy Moody) Those children that are in grades 5 and 6 can choose from this list of books: The Last (Endling Series #1)Friendship List #1: 11 Before 12James and the Giant PeachTreasure Hunters (Treasure Hunters Series #1)Because of Winn-DixieEllies Story: A Dogs Purpose Puppy TaleThe Race to Space: Countdown to Liftoff (Epic Fails #2)Aru Shah and the End of Time (Pandava Series #1)Disney after Dark (Kingdom Keepers Series #1The Unicorn Quest Other Features of the Barnes and Noble Summer Reading Program The Barnes and Noble summer reading program website also has educator activity kits. These kits include fun activities about reading that can be completed with a child. Limits to Be Aware Of The Barnes and Noble summer reading program is only available to school-aged children in grades 1-6. Only one book is available for each child who completes a reading journal and choice must be made from the selected books available at the store.